What does the term "bear market" refer to?

The term "bear market" specifically refers to a market condition where prices are falling or are expected to fall, typically by 20% or more from recent highs. This trend occurs in various markets, such as stocks, commodities, and real estate. A bear market often reflects investor pessimism and can be driven by various factors, including declining economic indicators, low consumer confidence, or external geopolitical events.

Understanding the implications of a bear market is crucial for investors. During such periods, investor sentiment tends to be negative, making it more challenging to realize profits. Investors might shift their strategies, focusing more on risk management and preservation of capital rather than aggressive gains. Being aware of the characteristics of bear markets can help individuals navigate their investments and financial planning more effectively.